Adhering to a strict and balanced diet can cure diabetes. A diet for diabetes mellitus will slow down the rate at which the disease develops and will have a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition. It must be adhered to at all times. The main ways to prevent unwanted consequences are self-discipline and a varied diabetic menu.
General recommendations
When diabetes is just beginning, it is imperative to limit foods high in carbohydrates and sugars as they can increase blood sugar levels. Nevertheless, regardless of the restrictions found, the body needs a balanced intake of beneficial ingredients. In this case, doctors prescribe a dietary meal for the patient. Failure to follow a diet can adversely affect your health. Of course, the prescribed medications must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes compiled by a doctor will only improve your physical condition.
To reduce hunger, you should eat often - at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
There are principles of diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. In the case of primary obesity, it is better to prefer vegetables and fruits instead of flour or fatty foods. It is more useful to season the salads with olive oil, adding a few drops of lemon. Low-fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal and lean fish should be present in the diet to speed up the liver’s metabolic processes. It is better to make vegetable soup from the first dishes. Wait with the broth or cook soup in a secondary broth. Consumption of eggs, potatoes and corn should be restricted. If they are, they are very few and rare. As for the salt, the recommended daily dose is less than half a teaspoon. And it is desirable to have sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes and the category of person: in children, pregnant women, in the case of insulin-dependent or incipient diabetes, the diet varies. Although the general principles of nutrition apply to all categories, each requires a separate approach to this issue.
Simple food is the best food for a pregnancy with associated diabetes.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, that is, people who need insulin, should include foods rich in protein and fiber. The intake of salt, fat, fast carbohydrates and foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and contain sugar should be restricted.
Unlike insulin-dependent diabetes, in type II diabetes mellitus, diet helps reduce the caloric content of foods and normalize metabolism. In case of excessive blood sugar, such a diet affects its reduction. The same diet is served at the time of the onset of diabetes. The diet of a pregnant woman should be as balanced as possible without damaging the baby. The best diet for a expectant mother is simple meals.
About the glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of products determines how many useful components are converted into energy for the body. And the glycemic index of foods indicates how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed while raising blood sugar levels. Therefore, in type 2 diabetes, foods with a low glycemic index should be consumed because the carbohydrates in them have time to be spent in the body and are evenly distributed in it. And carbohydrates in foods contribute such a high proportion to fat deposition and they don’t have time to turn into full energy.
In addition to the number of calories, the value of the glycemic index of different foods can be found on a scale from 0 to 100. However, in order to plan an effective diet, a number of factors must be considered that affect changes in caloric content and glycemic index. The main ones are:
Cooking on a slow cooker is one acceptable way to heat food.
- Cooking mode. The glycemic index of foods increases with heat treatment, especially when cooked. The products should be baked, cooked or cooked on a slow cooker.
- Properties of fibers. Consumption of the peel of fruits, cereals and beans slows down the breakdown of glucose, preventing an increase in the glycemic index.
- Ripe fruit and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the more caloric it is.
what can you eat
The initial stages of diabetes cannot be complicated if dietary treatment is strictly adhered to.
Here is a list of foods that can make your daily diet as varied as possible:
- vegetable soup-based soups as well as low-fat meaty first meals 1-2 times a week;
- wholemeal and bran bread;
- cooked, steamed or fried chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- maximum diet cooked seafood and low-fat fish: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- buckwheat, wheat porridge, oatmeal;
- low fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg per day;
- Vegetables and unsweetened fruits;
- homemade sauces made from vegetables and dairy products;
- desserts and meals for diabetics;
- any tea, milk coffee, herbal teas (especially with the addition of rosehips), fresh, unsweetened juices.
What not to consume?
Those with high blood sugar should give up the dough.
The following is a list of foods that are not recommended for people with diabetes:
- high calorie desserts and cakes;
- chocolate and cocoa;
- jam, marmalade and honey;
- sugar-rich fresh and dried fruits such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- fatty foods;
- animal fat;
- pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned;
- high fat and high sugar dairy products;
- alcoholic drinks.
How do we make up for the damage?
Delicious and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetes menu. But harmful products need to be replaced properly. Diabetic food is the easiest alternative. Opportunities to exchange prohibited products can be found both on the shelves of traditional grocery stores and in specialty stores. The table shows which healthy foods can replace the banned ones.
| Forbidden food | What needs to be replaced |
|---|---|
| White floured bread | Peeled rye bread |
| Sweets and desserts | Fruits of trees and shrubs, diabetic desserts |
| Animal fats | Vegetable oils |
| Fatty meats and cheeses | Lean meat, avocado |
| Cream | Low fat dairy products |
Table 9
The diet is about 2 liters of water a day.
Diet No. 9 allows a maximum of 2, 400 calories per day. Converted to grams, this equates to 85 g of protein, 80 g of vegetable fat and 300 g of carbohydrates. If diabetes mellitus is suspected, the diet should be physiologically balanced.
For diabetes and type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the daily water intake should be 2-3 liters, 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. Only use purified water that is free of pathogenic microbes and bacteria is recommended.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration / dehydration. For a diabetic, losing 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
Along with clean water, diabetics can also use "mineral water. "However, this may be different. Table versions with a mineralization of up to 1 g / l can be consumed without restriction. They contain a safe amount of minerals. A "mineral water" meal stimulates digestion and improves the absorption of insulin. Before use, open the bottle and wait for the gases to "escape" from it.
Sample menu
The diet of diabetics should be varied.
The best solution is to prepare a menu a week or a month in advance. For starters, however, you can get one menu every day. When compiling the menu, the most diabetic recipes should be selected. You can also set up a weekly menu of standard meals. Proper daily nutrition increases your chances of recovery. Below is a sample menu for diabetes mellitus.
| To eat | Utensils |
|---|---|
| Breakfast | Vegetable salad, buckwheat or oatmeal, cottage cheese, cooked fish |
| First snack | Fruits, steamed vegetables, compote |
| Dinner | Vegetables, fish, mushroom soup, fish soup; cooked meat with cereal garnish |
| Afternoon nasi | Fruit or vegetable salad, cheese cakes, tea |
| Dinner | Stewed slices of vegetable stew |
| Second dinner | Kefir, milk, yogurt |
Main meals
Breakfast for diabetics should be plentiful, but overeating and eating heavy foods, including cereals and legumes except buckwheat and oatmeal, are not worth it. You can make salads and foam from fruits, berries and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basics of a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour sauce will be a good appetizer.
A good lunch for diabetics is mushroom, vegetable soup, cereal or bean soup cooked in broth. As a main course, you can eat porridge with a salad or a slice of meat. The best salad dressing is olive, flax or cedar oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. You can have a snack between meals with lactic acid products and added delicious fruits.
Evening meals should be light and nutritious. It is better to make a food that is mostly made of protein. Healthy lentils combined with vegetables or salads are suitable for dinner for diabetics. If you want to eat late, you can drink a glass of warm milk, fermented fried milk or a little low-fat cottage cheese before going to bed.
Other dietary tables for diabetes
Table 8 is the best diet for overweight diabetics. But this diet is prescribed if there are no heart and gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of the diet is to lose weight. Consumption of salt and appetizing foods is minimal. In addition, drink no more than 1. 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows for up to 1, 700 calories a day. It is 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat (one third of which is vegetable), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Physicians recommend mastering Table 5 for diabetics and concomitant diseases of the liver and bile ducts. The diet excludes fatty and fried foods, foods containing cholesterol, essential oils, oxalic acid. You can also bake or cook food, but also in exceptional cases. This diet promotes the normalization of the digestive system, rejuvenation and slows down the development of diabetes.
You should give up fatty foods with Diet Table 10.
A diet for the 10th diet for diabetics with heart pathologies. The purpose of the developed Table 10 is to normalize blood circulation, heart rate, and restore metabolic processes in diabetics. The diet of diabetics prohibits fatty, salty foods, foods that irritate the nervous system, circulatory system, and gastrointestinal tract. Instead, eat foods fortified with iodine, potassium and magnesium.
You can experiment with recipes if you are allowed to add certain ingredients.
Healthy recipes
Vegetable snack
Cut into large slices 400 g of white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium onions and 3 fresh peppers. The resulting ingredients should be steamed on a small amount of vegetable oil and medium heat for a short time. Served as a separate dish. Delicious with poultry and veal or fried fish. Season to taste.
Baked cabbage pancakes
Cut half a kilogram of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, green onions, 1 tablespoon kefir, 1 egg, 50 g lightly salted cheese, 1 tablespoon bran, flour (until sour cream). Mix the resulting ingredients and send to a cool place for 30 minutes. The pancakes are then spread on a baking sheet and baked at 180 degrees until golden brown.